Which amendment prohibits cruel and unusual punishment?

The Eighth Amendment of the United States Constitution is the amendment that specifically prohibits cruel and unusual punishment. This provision was established to prevent inhumane treatment and ensure that punishments are proportional to the offense. The framers were influenced by a desire to impose limits on the government's power in administering justice and to uphold the dignity of individuals, even those who are convicted of crimes.

The historical context underscores the commitment to humane treatment as a fundamental principle in the American legal system. The prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment has been interpreted by courts to exclude not only excessively harsh penalties but also forms of punishment that are seen as degrading or torturous.

Understanding this amendment is crucial as it not only influences sentencing practices but also has implications for issues such as the death penalty and prison conditions. The Eighth Amendment thus plays a central role in human rights discussions within the U.S. legal framework.